John Calvin s Influence On Society - 1307 Words

John Calvin was born in Noyon, France on July 10th 1509. At fourteen he was sent to Paris to study theology, and developed an interest in the writings of Augustine. Calvin was able to receive his Master’s degree at the age of 19. His father then insisted that he take up law instead, wanting his son to follow in his footsteps. But he returned to theology when his father died. Similar occurrences are still a global issue, especially in strict traditional households. Students are forced to study and practice beliefs or forms of education that only their parents approve of. In many cases the student will disobey their parents which will create broken families and the loss of parental support. During the 16th century the Protestant Reformation was blooming. Catholic Europe was being broken due to the challenges in political, religious and intellectual belief. In 1534, Calvin underwent a sudden change and became an ardent Protestant. With everyone having different beliefs, Calvin had his own and wanted to share it with the world. A Protestant is a Christian who belongs to one of the many branches of Christianity that have developed out of the Protestant Reformation started by Martin Luther in 1517. After Journeying to Basel, a Protestant city within Switzerland, Calvin published his first systematic theology, Institutes of the Christian Religion. Institutes of the Christian Religion became highly influential with the Western civilizations. Calvin’s writings gave an introductoryShow MoreRelatedThe Reformation And Its Impact On The Early Modern Period1622 Words   |  7 Pagesreligious and political wars. Before the beginnings of the reformation political discourse was dominated by different catholic influences at the hands of philosophers and writers such as Sir Thomas More. More s use of political discourse came in the form of Utopia, a piece of writing that was highly critical of the King of England and the country itself due to More s personal experience as a counsellor1. Although Utopia was published before the Reformation, it is clear that More had an idea onRead MoreThe Reformation And The Protestant Reformation876 Words   |  4 PagesProtestant reformation. There are a various number of causes for the Protestant reformation. The causes of the reformation will be analyzed from two different perspectives: Germany s causes and Europe s causes. The results of reformation will be examined. Major contributors such as Martin Luther and John Calvin s perspectives and contributions will also be analyzed and the impact they had during their time period.  People in Europe during the early 16th century faced a lot personal grievancesRead MoreSettling The Northern Colonies : Big Picture Themes1676 Words   |  7 PagesChapter #3: Settling the Northern Colonies - Big Picture Themes 1. Plymouth, MA was founded with the initial goal of allowing Pilgrims, and later Puritans, to worship independent of the Church of England. Their society, ironically, was very intolerant itself and any dissenters were pushed out of the colony. 2. Other New England colonies sprouted up, due to (a) religious dissent from Plymouth and Massachusetts as with Rhode Island, (b) the constant search for more farmland as in Connecticut, andRead MoreA Brief Lool at John Quincy Adams1051 Words   |  4 Pagescame from the sixth president of the United States of America named, John Quincy Adams. John Quincy Adams was born on July 11, 1767 in the town of Braintree, Massachusetts, which is now called Quincy, Massachusetts. Quincy is known as the City of Presidents because John Quincy and his father, John Adams both grew up in Quincy. However the town is named after Colonel John Quincy, who is Abigail Adams Father. Abigail Adams is John Quincy Adams mother, she named her son after her father. PresidentRead MorePuritans, Quakers, And Witchcraft1416 Words   |  6 PagesMassachusetts Bay colony were led by John Winthrop. In the spring of 1630, John Winthrop composed and delivered what is known to be one of the most famous speeches in American history, â€Å"A Model of Christian Charity† and had everyone sign an agreement. The agreement consisted of working together when they reached the new world. Finding success in good planning, substantial capital, and political influence back in England. Winthrop s core goal, was simple; to create a society out of a tight knit communityRead MorePuritanism And Its Impact On Society1508 Words   |  7 Pagesalso to build a new society with new principles. The most significant example of such religious power that radically changed the world is Puritanism. Puritanism is usually explained as a religious movement that emerged in England in the late 16th century. Nobody could suppose that its followers would define the destiny of the United States of America. Puritanism should be recognized by people as a phenomenon that provided the ethical basis of this country because the American society in a way everyoneRead MoreReformation Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesProtestant and partially Catholic. John Calvin then introduced the idea or Protestantism in Geneva. The main idea of Calvinism was predestination. Which meant whatever happens, happens because it was planned before. Calvin believed that God was the almighty and that the individual had no power to change his destiny. He was dedicated to reform of the church and he got his chance to build a reformed church when the citizens of Geneva revolted against their rulers in the 1520s. The Genevans, however, unlikeRead MoreThe Development Of Abolitionism And Anti Slavery937 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstanding of the developments which occurred. It will make the case abolitionism in Allegany was developed through an interactive and participatory process between the local population, reformist ideas, social developments, relationships of mutual influence with non-local elements. Allegany County began in the period of the gradual abolition of slavery in New York. Significant American settlement in the area began near the arrival of the 19th century and the county was declared in 1806. In 1799, NewRead More Humor Should Replace Sex in Media Advertising Essay1601 Words   |  7 PagesHumor Should Replace Sex in Advertising   Ã‚  Ã‚   In todays society, we as consumers are exposed to media on a daily basis. Beginning the day with a glance at the daily newspaper and finishing the evening with a television program, the average person cannot escape the clutches of the media in its seemingly endless forms. Along with presenting objective information that includes local news, weather, and sports, a main function of modern media is advertising.    Two effective methods of catchingRead MoreTheodore Beza And The Protestant Reformation1813 Words   |  8 Pageshe must be observed as John Calvin’s coworker and friend rather than his successor (Steinmetz 114). The two companions often relied upon each other for advice to increase their knowledge and flourish in theology (Wolfe 230). His time with Calvin included a large amount of his spiritual growth and work, and continued to thrive for a little over forty years after Calvin’s time (Birth Pangs). Beza cannot be ignored from the face of the Protestant Reformation and his influence and teachings have roots

Essay on Compare and Contrast Caravaggio and Gentileschi

Michelangelo da Caravaggios David with the Head of Goliath and Artemisia Gentileschis Judith and Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes The period of Baroque art was from 1600 to 1750, and relates to the style of architecture and art that was dominant at that time. Rome was the center of this new style that reï ¬â€šected the Counter Reformation; the Church was regrouping during this period, and was trying to build up its patronage by bringing people back to worship after the Reformation. In much of the art during this time, the papacy commissioned artists to lavishly restore Rome in the hope that Rome would become the most beautiful city that would attract Christians. Meanwhile, in the rest of the world, William Shakespeare†¦show more content†¦Her father was a painter named Orazio Gentileschi, who taught her how to draw and paint. Inï ¬â€šuenced by Caravaggios work, Gentileschi also used chiaroscuro in her work and created beautifully dramatic pieces. Like Caravaggio, she also was able to depict a moment of elevated drama in her work and was totally capable of emphasizing it. In the time that she lived, women generally were not painters; very few women even attempted it, but Gentileschi was the ï ¬ rst woman to actually become a member of the prestigious Accademia di Arte Disegno in Florence, Italy and to paint important historical and religious paintings that were actually praised and viewed as an integral part of the artistic movement. Both Gentileschi and Caravaggio painted unconventional religious subjects; two paintings of similar themes are Caravaggios David with the Head of Goliath, (c.1610), and Gentileschis Judith and Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes (c. 1625). Both paintings evoke drama and use the technique of chiaroscuro to add effective intensity to the story of their paintings, which entail the heroic and rather gruesome removal of someones head. The subject of Gentileschis painting comes from the Book of Judith and relates the story of Holofernes who attacked the Jewish people of Bethulia; Judith, who was a beautiful Hebrew widow that may have been raped by Holoferenes, entered Holoferness camp and beheaded him while he wasShow MoreRelatedThe Renaissance Period And Artemisia Gentileschi Of The Baroque Period2173 Words   |  9 Pagesworks of Michelangelo or Caravaggio might be evoked. In fact, most paintings one may think of would have been completed by men. Most of the art movements in the western world were in fact lead and contributed to by men, especially in the Renaissance and Baroque period. Even though art as a profession in these time periods was dominated by male artists, female artists did, in fact, make significant contributions to their respective art movements. This paper will discuss and compare the lives and works

Marketing Strategy and Plan for Review - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Strategy and PlanforGeneral Review. Answer: General Review of the Attached Video The provided video helps understand the importance of knowing the world around us. This is because of the fact that it helps immensely in getting closer to the needful people and even strategizing the marketing plan in an efficient and more feasible way to the targeted resources. The video speak about the personal biases, which is hampering the society around us (Schopenhauer, 2012). The personal bias is also comprises of outdated facts, which is very much evident in the academic library. The schoolteachers and the systems have hardly bothered for bringing any change in the course books (Tyner, 2014). Nevertheless, the world is a rapidly changing place, which emphasize on an updated education pattern. News bias is another point, which just knows to making sensational headings. It is not focussed on factual things; it is rather focused on business values, which is in direct proportion to the sensational headlines. This is nothing but advocating the existing ignorance towards the factu al things (McCloskey, 2016). People have become ignorant because they are developed into such forms. The video also speak about the ways, which helps organization develop globally. These ways include but are not limited to such as climate, human resource, finance etc. It also speaks about some misconceptions, which have hugely haunted the brains of modern people. Following are some of the misconceptions (Schopenhauer, 2012): Everything is getting worse Gap between the rich or poor is enhancing Countries need to become rich in order to attain the social development such as girls studying in schools or working in organizations Sharks are the deadliest creatures The video doses also support the humps rule to change the way people think of some misconceptions. The humps rule does say that it is better to understand that more is improving. It also states that the gap between the rich or poor is enhancing; however, it entirely depends on how people think of their development. It further states that socialization is the first thing, which should happen as this gives birth to the elevating economy of the countries. Finally, the rule also says that people should thing that Shark kills only few. These are some of the positive ways of thinking and solving the misconceptions (Tyner, 2014). Nevertheless, this helps become a stronger individual or a stronger nation. Nevertheless, the video is also extremely helpful for the business purpose as it make people understand the importance of considering the rapid changing world. In the year 1975, the Western countries such as the North America and the Europe were enjoying the highest number of consumer growt h. However, the graph is changing rapidly. The GDP growth per capita thus indicates that the near future would witness the domination of some other developing countries such as China, Singapore and India (Schopenhauer, 2012). How can the Content Help Enter the Indian Market The content of the video is extremely helpful for analyzing a probable growth of the country in the near future. Some of the developing countries have been forecasted to have largest numbers of GDP growth per capita. These countries include but are not limited to such as China, India and Singapore (Brewer Porter, 2013). The video helps think positively towards the attainment of goal. Moreover, it also helps understand that the near future would witness the domination of some other developing countries and they would have comparatively largest number of consumers. This is because of such reasons that most of the big multinational companies are heading towards these highly developing countries (Morgan, 2012). Companies such as Walmart and Tesco have headed towards China. McDonalds and KFC have headed towards most of these countries such as India, China, and Singapore etc. The content of the video helps through positive thinking as well as practicality of the modern day business. The f acts sheet about the changing picture of economy is alone helpful in understanding the potential market; however, the forecast made in this video thus adds values to the existing facts (Chanlat, Davel Dupuis, 2013). Marketing managers in different foreign companies can utilize the content of the video for entering into the Indian market. The video content makes a forecast that in the next 20 years, developing countries like India would have highest number of consumers. Nevertheless, different companies prefer potential market and according to the video, the rest of countries would outplay the western countries such as the North America and the Europe. Interestingly, the video also forecast a fact that in the next 20 years, the rest countries would have highest numbers of rich people in it. Moreover, a highly elevated economy standard and the incrementing number of consumers are positioning the developing countries on top slots of favourite business zones (Morgan, 2012). References Brewer, J., Porter, R. (2013).Consumption and the World of Goods. Routledge. Chanlat, J. F., Davel, E., Dupuis, J. P. (2013).Cross-cultural management: culture and management across the world. Routledge. McCloskey, D. N. (2016).Bourgeois equality: How ideas, not capital or institutions, enriched the world. University of Chicago Press. Morgan, M. S. (2012).The world in the model: How economists work and think. Cambridge University Press. Schopenhauer, A. (2012).The world as will and representation(Vol. 1). Courier Corporation. Tyner, K. (2014).Literacy in a digital world: Teaching and learning in the age of information. Routledge.

Transient Performance Simulation Of Engine â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Transient Performance Simulation Of Engine? Answer: Introduction This report presents the background of Woolworths petrol station. It also describes the problem that is faced by the company. Further, it defines the benefits of innovation. It also determines the strategic plan by using the SWOT and TOWS. It also illustrates the project option plan and delivery of the recommended solution. Background of Woolworth petrol station Woolworths has more than 600 petrol outlets which are co-branded as Caltex Safeway and Caltex Woolworths all over the Australian country. Caltex Woolworths is co-branded outlets which are part of the association between and Caltex Australia Petroleum Pty Ltd and Woolworths limited. This outlet supports the Woolworths supermarket by providing a discount on fuel and the standard purchase price of fuel (Woolworths, 2017). The problem the innovation can solve In the current scenario, petroleum and convenience industry is ever-changing and dynamic. In order to grow with moving trends, the company has to develop comprehensive strategy with an innovative solution to move forward to their business. It is analyzed that Woolworth's faces problem of declining sales as customers are not satisfied with their services. In the petrol station of Woolworths, the problem is that whenever customers lift the pump to fill the fuel then the person who is working in the store has to authorize the pump. After that, the customer is able to fill the fuel from the petrol station (Royo, et. al., 2017). But, if a person does not authorize the pump then the customer cannot be able to fill it. Additionally, in case, customers lift the pump and store person is busy to do different kinds of works like inside and outside store work. It will create complexity to customers for taking authorization of store manager (Colomina, and Molina, 2014). Moreover, it can be stated that this process is more time consuming hence customers cannot do their work appropriately. It is also analysed that sometimes store person cannot be able to listen to the voice for authorization hence customers cannot complete their own work in specified time because store person can take more time for authorization. Due to this process, petrol station gets more complaint from a customer and a large number of customer shares their bad experience with others which are not good for the business growth (Wang, et. al., 2017). Hence, it can be stated that company should develop the portable remote control which will offers the all pump number. Along with this, when a customer lifts the pump then small visual light will be demonstrated on that pump number of the remote hence, the store person will be able to authorize the pump from anywhere at the time (Wu, et. al., 2014). This small remote can be used easily together with this remote can easily carry by store person in their pocket. Benefits of the innovation The unique and robust capabilities of the small remote control enables Woolworths petrol station to get competitive advantages in the industry. Further, this remoteaccess system is highly versatile to face the challenges regarding frequent interaction with the customers. This system can also be beneficial to update the prices, control other store functions and retrieve data, and also ensuring that business will run smoothly even when store person is not on site (Aghaei, et. al., 2015). Provides Flexibility The portable remote control system is the solution for keeping up with fast-paced and dynamic retail fuel sector. This remote control system is easy to use as it has advanced features which are particularly designed for store person. Thus, it is beneficial for company to become compatible and cutting-edge fuel retailers in the industry. As well as, it can create positioning of their business by adopting the new trends and emerging technologies (Akorede, et. al., 2017). Operate from anywhere The portable small remote control can be used as Commander Console. It is also used in operation platforms as it will allow the managers and store person to access a valuable set of operational environment. Along with this, it is easy to navigate and graphical as it may deliver the added value to customers. This tool can be also effective to give authorization for lifting the pump from anywhere because it can be carried by a person in their packet (Alexandrov, and Palenov, 2014). This commander console remote control allows the store person to customize the authorization with the easy process as it delivers the added value to customer due to offering quick services to customers. It offers all of the operational matrixes like petrol pump number to give authorization on lifting pump (Abbasi, et. al., 2014). It contains all relevant information and tracks the valuable data that is most valuable for business. Managers can analysis the operating dashboards with real-time lifting data by s ite, location, and product types (Boaventura, and Carvalho, 2013). It permits the business to stay the data with sleek and instructive remote control system. Strategic response or plan Strategic analysis is one of the effective tools to conduct beneficial strategic business planning. It aids the business to assess the strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats. Woolworth petrol station has an advantage that it has effective technology like remote control system that supports the store person for giving authorization. Consequently, it would be beneficial create effective demand of customers (Santana, et. al., 2013). Further, effective RD enables the business to focus on the large target market and create an efficient customer base. In addition, the corporation needs a high amount of start-up outlay to conduct the market survey. This remote control will also face threat from its key market participants because it can be easily imitated by them (Martinova, et. al., 2014). It also needs to keep updating their system with the requirement of the new remote control system. TOWS Analysis TOWS analysis is another technique of strategic analysis which entails a systematic evaluation of internal and external factors. Consequently, it aids to examine the competitive position and potential growth for the company (Siano, 2014). It incorporates the different set of strategic alternatives: Strength- Opportunities There is the high existence of special features in small remote control like ease to use and carried in the pocket. It will show the light on remote while a customer lifts the pump. It is also beneficial technology which can support in all petrol station of Australia (Liu, et. al., 2014). Weaknesses- Opportunities The remote control system will have more costs but its significant features will enable the Woolworth petrol station to survive in the retail fuel environment. This system is effective to create positive experience among customers and also create more demand of customers. As a result, this remote control system is effective to get sustainability in the industry (Leccese, 2013). Strength- Threats Woolworths petrol station uses effective marketing strategies which aid to cover large potential customers instead of having a high price of this remote. This system contains the significant features that will support the company to standout at a different position as compared to its key market players (Lokuge, et. al., 2014). Weaknesses- Threats The company has beneficial RD system and technology which will enable to make continues modification in this remote as per the requirement of a petrol station and will remove the delay problem of customers effectively. Further, the strategy implemented by Woolworth petrol station will aid to get competitive advantages in the market (Kruijff, et. al., 2014). Cost-benefit analysis Cost-benefit analysis is used to assess the feasibility of remote control system in a petrol station (Jamal, et. al., 2017). As per the above analysis, it can be stated that developing a remote control system is feasible for the company because its maintenance cost is low as well as it provides benefits to customers and company. Delivery of the recommended solution It can be recommended that company should focus on different modes while delivery the remote control system. In this way, the company should facilitate the guidelines to their store person for using the remote control system (Seiter, 2013). It can be also suggested that commander site controller should be faster and smarter that can provide versatile management solution. It should contain high-speed features for fueling operation and back office control (Burnett, et. al., 2014). It should also facilitate the store person to manage all business aspects from the authorization of filling the petrol to make quickly respond. Conclusion As per the above interpretation, it can be concluded that remote control system is effective for Woolworths petrol station because it provides sound profitability. It can be evaluated that SWOT analysis is used to minimize the threats and weakness and increase the strength and opportunities for the company. Along with this, TOWS of the company is effective to obtain competitive benefits in the market. Since, company firstly addresses the threats and opportunities and then determines its strength and weakness. References Abbasi, A. Z., Islam, N., Shaikh, Z. A. (2014). A review of wireless sensors and networks' applications in agriculture.Computer Standards Interfaces,36(2), 263-270. Aghaei, M., Grimaccia, F., Gonano, C. A., Leva, S. (2015). Innovative automated control system for PV fields inspection and remote control.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,62(11), 7287-7296. Akorede, M. F., Fatigun, J. J., Opaluwa, J. A., Pouresmaeil, E. (2017, June).Efficient remote control system using SMS and WiFi technology for outdoor security lighting applications.InPowerAfrica, 2017 IEEE PES(pp. 512-517).IEEE. Alexandrov, A. B. G., Palenov, M. V. (2014). Adaptive PID controllers: State of the art and development prospects.Automation and remote control,75(2), 188-199. Boaventura, A. J. S., Carvalho, N. B. (2013).A batteryless RFID remote control system.IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,61(7), 2727-2736. Burnett, J., Rack, F. R., Blythe, D., Swanson, P., Duling, D., Gibson, D.,Melby, A. (2014).Developing a hot-water drill system for the WISSARD project: 3. Instrumentation and control systems.Annals of Glaciology,55(68), 303-310. Colomina, I., Molina, P. (2014). Unmanned aerial systems for photogrammetry and remote sensing: A review.ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,92, 79-97. Jamal, T., Shafiullah, G. M., Carter, C., Urmee, T. (2017). A comprehensive techno-economic and power quality analysis of a remote PV-diesel system in Australia.Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability,2, 24. Kruijff, G. J. M., Jan?ek, M., Keshavdas, S., Larochelle, B., Zender, H., Smets, N. J., Liu, M. (2014). Experience in system design for human-robot teaming in urban search and rescue. InField and Service Robotics(pp. 111-125). Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Leccese, F. (2013).The remote-control system of high efficiency and intelligent street lighting using a ZigBee network of devices and sensors.IEEE transactions on power delivery,28(1), 21-28. Liu, K., Zhang, D., Gao, Y., Sun, Y., Yan, P. (2014, June). Remote control system of nanosecond pulse power supply. InPower Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC), 2014 IEEE International(pp. 344-347). IEEE. Lokuge, B., Kopczynski, A., Woltmann, A., Alvoen, F., Connors, C., Guyula, T., ... Burke, T. (2014). Crusted scabies in remote Australia, a new way forward: lessons and outcomes from the East Arnhem Scabies Control Program.The Medical journal of Australia,200(11), 644-648. Martinova, L. I., Pushkov, R. L., Kozak, N. V., Trofimov, E. S. (2014). Solution to the problems of axle synchronization and exact positioning in a numerical control system.Automation and Remote Control,75(1), 129-138. Royo, P., Pastor, E., Barrado, C., Cuadrado, R., Barrao, F., Garcia, A. (2017).Hardware Design of a Small UAS Helicopter for Remote Sensing Operations.Drones,1(1), 3. Santana, I., Ferre, M., Izaguirre, E., Aracil, R., Hernandez, L. (2013). Remote laboratories for education and research purposes in automatic control systems.IEEE transactions on industrial informatics,9(1), 547-556. Santana, I., Ferre, M., Izaguirre, E., Aracil, R., Hernandez, L. (2013). Remote laboratories for education and research purposes in automatic control systems.IEEE transactions on industrial informatics,9(1), 547-556. Seiter, E. (2013).Remote control: Television, audiences, and cultural power. Routledge. Siano, P. (2014). Demand response and smart gridsA survey.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,30, 461-478. Wang, C., Li, Y. G., Yang, B. Y. (2017). Transient performance simulation of aircraft engine integrated with fuel and control systems.Applied Thermal Engineering,114, 1029-1037. Woolworths (2017).About us. Retrieved from: https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/about-us/our-brands/supermarkets/Petrol Wu, Y. C., Chen, M. J., Chang, B. S., Tsai, M. T. (2014).A low-cost web-based infrared remote control system for energy management of aggregated air conditioners.Energy and Buildings,72, 24-30.

Pest Analysis free essay sample

Political factors include the following types of instrument: Legislation such as the minimum wage or anti discrimination laws. Voluntary codes and practices Market regulations Trade agreements, tariffs or restrictions Tax levies and tax breaks Type of government regime eg communist, democratic, dictatorship Non conformance with legislative obligations can lead to sanctions such as fines, adverse publicity and imprisonment. Ineffective voluntary codes and practices will often lead to governments introducing legislation to regulate the activities covered by the codes and practices.Economical The second element of a PEST analysis involves a study of economic factors. All businesses are affected by national and global economic factors. National and global interest rate and fiscal policy will be set around economic conditions. The climate of the economy dictates how consumers, suppliers and other organisational stakeholders such as suppliers and creditors behave within society. An economy undergoing recession will have high unemployment, low spending power and low stakeholder confidence. We will write a custom essay sample on Pest Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Conversely a â€Å"booming† or growing economy will have low unemployment, high spending power and high stakeholder confidence. A successful organisation will respond to economic conditions and stakeholder behaviour. Furthermore organisations will need to review the impact economic conditions are having on their competitors and respond accordingly. In this global business world organisations are affected by economies throughout the world and not just the countries in which they are based or operate from.For example: a global credit crunch originating in the USA contributed towards the credit crunch in the UK in 2007/08. Cheaper labour in developing countries affects the competitiveness of products from developed countries. An increase in interest rates in the USA will affect the share price of UK stocks or adverse weather conditions in India may affect the price of tea bought in an English cafe. A truly global player has to be aware of economic conditions across all borders and needs to ensure that it employs strategies that protect and promote its business through economic conditions throughout the world. Social The third aspect of PEST focuses its attention on forces within society such as family, friends, colleagues, neighbours and the media. Social forces affect our attitudes, interest s and opinions. These forces shape who we are as people, the way we behave and ultimately what we purchase. For example within the UK peoples attitudes are changing towards their diet and health. As a result the UK is seeing an increase in the number of people joining fitness clubs and a massive growth for the demand of organic food.Products such as Wii Fit attempt to deal with society’s concern, about children’s lack of exercise. Population changes also have a direct impact on organisations. Changes in the structure of a population will affect the supply and demand of goods and services within an economy. Falling birth rates will result in decreased demand and greater competition as the number of consumers fall. Conversely an increase in the global population and world food shortage predictions are currently leading to calls for greater investment in food production.Due to food shortages African countries such as Uganda are now reconsidering their rejection of genetically modified foods. In summary organisations must be able to offer products and services that aim to complement and benefit people’s lifestyle and behaviour. If organisations do not respond to changes in society they will lose market share and demand for their product or service. Technological Unsurprisingly the fourth element of PEST is technology, as you are probably aware technological advances have greatly changed the manner in which businesses operate. Pest Analysis free essay sample Knowledge Representation question and answers 1. Consider the following statements a) Reema is a super star. b) All super stars are rich. c) All rich people have fast cars. d) All fast cars consume a lot of petrol. Use predicate logic and inference rules to draw the conclusion â€Å"Reema’s car consumed a lot of petrol†. a. List any two knowledge representation techniques. b. Write Modus Ponens rule. c. Define disjunctive normal form with suitable example. 2. Consider given sentences: It is crime to steal Ram stole in exam Is Ram criminal? Write above sentences in First Order Predicate calculus and use resolution algorithm to answer Is Ram Criminal? 1. Why are propositional logic statements converted into conjunctive normal form (CNF)? Convert given clause to CNF. d. Define logical consequence. e. Why is propositional logic used? 3. Consider given sentences: Ram is a boy. Gita is a girl. Ram is husband of Gita If girl has husband then she is married. We will write a custom essay sample on Pest Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Write above sentences in First Order Predicate calculus and resolution algorithm to show Gita is married. . Represent the following paragraph using predicate logic and convert each sentence into clausual form. â€Å"The law says that it is a crime for an American to sell weapons to hostile nations. The country Nono, an enemy of America, has some missiles, and all of its missiles were sold to it by Colonel West, who is American. † a. In propositional logic what is meant by contradict statement? b. What is meant by conjunctive normal form? Show the relation between universal quantifier and existential quantifier a. Define conjunctive normal form and disjunctive normal form. b. Why is predicate logic better than propositional logic? Parse the sentence â€Å"Ram is a good boy† using bottom up parsing 1. Represent the following sentence using propositional logic:- â€Å"If the unicorn is mythical, then it is immortal, but if it is not mythical, then it is a mortal mammal. If the unicorn is either immortal or a mammal, then it is horned. The unicorn is magical if it is horned. † Also prove using resolution that unicorn is magical and unicorn is horned. Pest Analysis free essay sample Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis and describes a framework of macroenvironmental factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic management. It is a part of the external analysis when conducting a strategic analysis or doing market research and gives a certain overview of the different macroenvironmental factors that the company has to take into consideration. It is a useful strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operations. The growing importance of environmental or ecological factors in the first decade of the 21st century have given rise to green business and encouraged widespread use of an updated version of the PEST framework.   analysis systematically considers Socio-cultural, Technological, Economic, Ecological, and Regulatory factors. Contents * 1 History * 2 Overvier. New York: Macmillan.. , who discusses ‘ETPS’ a mnemonic for the four sectors of what he calls his taxonomy of the business environment: Economic, Technical, Political, and Social. Sometime after this initial publication, Arnold Brown for the Institute of Life Insurance reorganized it as   as a way to organise the results of his environmental scanning. We will write a custom essay sample on Pest Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Over time by academics and others in business it was modified yet again to become a so-called analysis (the Social, Technical, Economic, Political, and Ecological taxonomies).

Marcel Duchamp essays

Marcel Duchamp essays Painter. Born July 28, 1887 in Blainville, France, the son of a notary of Rouen. One of Marcel's brothers, Gaston, known as Jacques Villon, was a painter; another brother, Raymond Duchamp-Villon, was a sculptor. Duchamp moved to Paris at the age of 17 and began to paint. By 1911 he was responding in his painting to cubism, but his subjects were unusually personal and psychologically complex compared to the typical cubist ones. In his famous Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 (1912) Duchamp used a limited cubist palette and faceting of forms but completely contradicted the cubist esthetic in his choice of an ironic title and stress on actual movement. When this painting was exhibited at the Armory Show in New York City in 1913, it created an uproar and was the focal point for derogatory criticism of the show (one critic described the work as "an explosion in a shingle factory"). In 1912-1913 a radical change took place in both Duchamp's life and art. Together with the writer Guillaume Apollinaire and the painter Francis Picabia, he began working out a highly original and mocking concept of art. Duchamp sought out methods of making art in which the artist's hand would not be stressed (using chance and mechanical methods of drawing and painting). Increasingly language and the nonvisual side of art became important to him. As he later said: "I am interested in ideasnot merely the visual products. I want to put painting once again to the service of the mind." In 1913 Duchamp created his first "ready-made," the Bicycle Wheel. This was the first of a limited number of everyday objects that Duchamp chose (sometimes making minor additions), rather than made by hand. In these he questioned conventional ideas about the artist's role in the creation of art and about original and unique artistic products, and he brought up issues as to the value of art, the market, and the art gallery. In the next few years he turned out a small number...

The history of the United Nations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The history of the United Nations - Essay Example   Some of these countries included United States, china, Cuba, Brazil, Argentina, United Kingdom, Czechoslovakia, and France, among others. According to Shaw (N.d, p.1), the main concern of the United Nations has been the human welfare. The United Nations was divided into sub-divisions, which included the general assembly, the Security Council, the economic and social council, the international justice court and the secretariat. In addition, each of these divisions serves a specific task in promoting the United Nation’s goals. The United Nations was formed with several aims; for instance, ensuring that peace prevailed worldwide and developing strong relationships among nations, among others. This essay will discuss the various objectives of the United Nations and whether it lives up to the ideals of its founders to date. The main aim of the United Nations was to ensure that peace prevailed throughout the world, that nations would develop friendly relationships, working toget her to assist people in living better lives through elimination of poverty, illiteracy, and diseases globally. In addition, the UN aims at bringing to a stop environmental degradation, as well as fostering democracy and respect for each other’s rights (United Nations publications, 2000). Therefore, the United Nations is the main organization that assists countries in achieving the above aims. Generally, the UN has several principles that guide its operations; first, member states are expected to obey the United Nations charter.

Peresonal development and life long learning Essay

Peresonal development and life long learning - Essay Example Minimization of infection due to catheters, improvement of flow rate and the prevention of thrombo-embolism are some of the factors which have determined research activities in this area (Lok, 2006). As the intensity of catheterization has doubled since their initial use the risk of occurrence of complications arising due to such procedures has also increased which can put tremendous stress on the patients’ health as well as finances. Catheterization has a significant effect on the clinical outcome in such patients due to the high incidence of morbidity and mortality (Tal & Ni, 2008). A variety of anticoagulants have been used in the CVCs to prevent thrombo-embolism and anticoagulant management in haemodialysis in itself is a vital area of therapeutic intervention per se in dialysis patients (Lo et al, 2005). Dialysis patients are prone to venous thromboembolism as well as atrial fibrillation and warfarin and low-molecular weight heparins are frequently used in such cases (Lo et al, 2005). Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) are more prone to a hypercoagulable state due to the development of a biochemical milieu in which there is elevation of particular prothrombin fragments and thrombin-antithrombin complexes (Lo et al, 2005). This necessitates effective control measures in such patients for the control of embolus formation all along the course of haemodialysis. Sodium citrate and heparin in various forms are the preferred agents for prevention of embolus formation in patients undergoing haemodialysis due to renal impairment. Continuous renal replacemen t therapy (CRRT) is frequently used as a preventive measure in high risk kidney patients (Bagshaw et al, 2005). When CVCs are used in patients undergoing haemodialysis, thrombosis at the catheter surface itself poses a big problem which affects dialysis quality as well as catheter survival (Grudzinski et al, 2006). A study by these authors has attempted to weigh the pros

Alexander of Macedon Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Alexander of Macedon - Research Paper Example Alexander as commander ensured excellent use of psychological war and propaganda, as it created a sense of revenge appealing to the Greeks. Despite the sources Alexander did win the battle which led him to continue his invasion of Persia. As for his troops, Alexander visited the wounded and received great respect from his men. Plutarch wrote of the capture of Darius’s family, and on much more on Alexander’s campaign. The action performed showed Alexander’s respect and nobility as a commander ignoring the reality that Darius was his enemy. Continuing on, he defeated Bessus, then moved on to India, and fought King Porus at the Hydaspes River in which once again was another victory. The truth that Alexander overpowered Darius, Bessus and King Porus in their own kingdoms reveals Alexander’s brilliance as an outstanding commander. [1] His mentality as commander was flexible and the concern he showed to his army led to few casualties in battles. When men died, A lexander showed compassion and honored the dead, and this led to Alexander having the great respect from his men. ... ccording to Bosworth â€Å"He loved them and they loved him as their king and as a man, and they could not bear to let him die without greeting him.† [2] This statement can assist in proving the ‘love’ aspect of his relationship as king with his men, and one must see this side of Alexander’s Kingship. In the determining of the rift at the Hydaspes River, after shedding tears and after listening to his men moaning outside his tent, Alexander assured them in these words which definitely consoled them then and there â€Å"but all of you regard as my kinsmen†. [3] In addition to this compassion, Alexander paid off his men’s debts off which totaled to 20,000 talents, a kind deed, and in the thirteen years of Alexander’s rule, he brought Macedon â€Å"immense wealth which maintained their strength for generations†. [4] The affiliation of Alexander as King towards his Macedones is wide-ranging. It is obvious that Alexander was an obsess ed king whose sufferings and implementations to Persian traditions created enormous annoyance and aggravation between his men towards him. There are more unconstructive perspectives in regard to Alexander’s successes as king, but in certain circumstances, we see the positives and affection Alexander and his men had for each other. As statesman, Alexander established his kingdom by using his skills as statesman. One of his first and most significant achievements as statesman was gaining the submission of Greece after the death of his father Philip. According to Hammond, when Alexander died he had 25 satrapies, which were ran by hundreds of influential senior officials from Asia and Europe. Of the Satrapies, most of the satraps (governor of satrapy) were Persian. Alexander kept these men in these powerful positions because they had the

Arguments For and Against Open Borders

Arguments For and Against Open Borders To what extent do states have the right to exclude foreigners from settling within their borders? This question is concerned with the relationship between states and their members. In debates on immigration, there are usually two positions. One view is the movement of people between states should be completely free thus borders should be open. The other view is that states have a right to exclude foreigners from settling within their borders. On the face of it, the right to exclude looks morally contestable as it involves substantial state force. For instance, criminalising individuals for unauthorised border crossings and it involves forcibly preventing people from getting things that they might desperately need like a better life for them and their family. As these factors are usually considered to be morally wrong, then can such a right to exclude be morally justified. Within this essay, I will exhibit both positions from the perspectives of Joseph Carens and David Miller. I will argue that states do not have a right to exclude. Firstly, I will demonstrate the argument from Joseph Carens for open borders thus disagreeing with the statement that states have a right to exclude. Advocates for open borders are not arguing for wholly elimination of borders but rather for changes in how those affected might move across them and in how they are understood. Carens claims that there is no right for states to unilaterally control their own borders as he believes that â€Å"borders should generally be open and people should normally be free to leave their country of origin and settle in another† (Carens, 2013,225) He contends that states’ rights to exclude outsiders from settling in their borders are incompatible with our basic values and commitments. One being freedom. Immigration restrictions are a serious infringement on freedom, especially on freedom of movement. This freedom both good in itself as it is an expression of autonomy and it is also instrumentally valuable as it enables individuals to improve their prospects if they have the ability to move to a more advantageous location. The other being fundamental moral equality. Immigration restrictions enforce huge inequalities of opportunity. Freedom of movement is essential for equality of opportunity and this explains our intuition about the wrongness of feudalism. Carens provides an analogy where he compares contemporary states’ practice of border control to medieval feudal societies. He is claiming that being born in a rich state for example, Europe and North America is like being born into medieval nobility and to be born in a poor country is like being born into peasantry. This is applicable to now with the deductions that your place of birth determines your initial prospects and that states prevent you from trying to improve your situation by moving to another country. The â€Å"modern practice of state control over borders tie people to the land of their birth almost as effectively (as feudal practice)† (Carens,2013,226) Carens believes that since we endorse freedom of movement with society, we should endorse it with respect to outsiders too. Following this, freedom of international movement should be considered as a basic human right. Caren’s also provides another argument which is the idea that if you are committed to uncontroversial human rights you should be committed to there being a human right to cross borders. For instance, an uncontroversial right would be the right to freedom of movement within one’s own country. As Carens puts it â€Å"if it is so important for people to have the right to move freely within a state. Isn’t it equally important for them to have the right to move across state borders† also â€Å"every reason why one might want to move within a state may also be a reason for moving between states† (Carens,2013,239) for example love, job, religion, cultural opportunities. This is stating that every reason in which an individual might have for moving within a country can also be applicable to move across state borders. Although Carens does believe that these arguments provide a strong case for states to have open borders, nonetheless he does acknowledge that some immigration restrictions can be justified. He claims that we cannot justify them by appealing to a state’s right to decide but there could be other justifications that appeal to other considerations that are compatible with viewing all individuals as having equal moral worth. For instance, extreme overcrowding or serious security threats. From this I will now look at the perspective that states do have a right to exclude. In contrast, David Miller objects to Carens position. He argues from a restrictive perspective and contends that states do have a right to exclude. Miller’s main claim is that there could be ‘cases in which nation states could be justified in imposing restrictive immigration policies’ (Miller,2014,363) Miller provides objections to Caren’s argument for the case of open borders. One is on the argument from a human right to internal freedom of movement. He questions actually how much movement is required by this right â€Å"What is less clear†¦is the physical extent of the right, in the sense of how much of the earth’s surface I must be able to move to in order to say that I enjoy it† (Miller,2014,365) He argues that Carens is not clear about the physical extent of the right for instance how much of the earth’s surface can we move in order to enjoy the right? Miller points out that the internal right to movement is actually subject to lots of restrictions that seem acceptable for example parking regulations, private property etc. His view is that the right to movement protects an adequate range of options not a maximal range of options. He provides a distinction between basic freedoms and bare freedoms. Basic freedoms are those necessary for a minimally decent life and bare freedoms are those not necessarily for a minimally decent life. Carens suggests that the right to freedom of movement is a basic freedom. Whereas Miller counters this to argue that as long as your state gives you an adequate range of free movement, your human right is satisfied and you do not have a general claim to immigrate to another state of your choice thus a bare freedom. Miller also provides a positive case for the right to exclude. According to Miller’s view, individuals don’t have a general right to immigrate. One reason for this is to preserve culture. He believes that states have a legitimate interest in preserving the political culture and or controlling how that culture changes over time for instance the role of language in maintaining a public culture for example if a lot of English people move to Thailand how would that affect the native language. Another reason is that the role of immigration restrictions plays an important role in curbing the population growth both globally and nationally as immigration can cause all sorts of problems. For instance, the natural environment can be jeopardised by overcrowding, also increase in climate change and resource consumption. On the other hand, what about cases of refugees fleeing persecution or starvation? Miller is targeting general claims about right to immigrate, he does acknowledge that there are more extreme cases of immigration. He contends that they do potentially have a right to enter another state due to their basic freedoms and interests are not being met by their state. However, this is not a general right to immigrate to any state of your choice, you only a right that some state let you enter rather it is a remedial right. It only exists if people are acting wrongly so for Miller, in a just world people would not have it. However, what about people who don’t even have the minimum, do they not have the right to immigrate? Miller would respond to this by agreeing they do have a right but it depends. Wealthy states are either obliged to either allow such persons to immigrate or aid them in their home country. Millers argues that it is more preferable to aid people in their home country. As immigration is unlikely to help the very worst off due to them not being able to afford to move and it might actually harm them. This is what he calls the brain drain problem which is where people with desired skills sets in a less well-off country getting paid more in the new country they immigrated to but leaving people behind who don’t have the skills left so are deprived. In conclusion, I have exhibited two perspectives to the question as to whether states have the right to exclude foreigners from settling within their borders. Joseph Carens who argues that states do not have a right exclude and instead argues for open borders. In contrast David Miller argues from a restrictive perspective arguing that to a certain extent they do have a right to exclude. Following this, I have come to the conclusion that states do not have a right to exclude thus agreeing with Caren’s perspective that immigration restrictions infringe our human right of freedom. Bibliography: Carens J (2013) ‘The Ethics of Immigration’ Chapter 11 – The case for open borders pgs 225-239 Miller D (2014) ‘Immigration: The Case for Limits’ in Andrew I. Cohen and Christopher Heath Wellman (eds.), Contemporary Debates in Applied Ethics, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, (2nd ed.), pp. 363-376

Margaret Laurence :: essays research papers

Jean Margaret (Peggy) Wemyss was born in Neepewa, Manitoba on July 18, 1926 to Robert Harrison Wemyss, a lawyer, and Verna Jean, nee Simpson. Margaret’s mother died when she was only four and her father later married her sister, Margaret Cambell Simpson, a teacher and later a librarian. She was throughout the years one of Margaret’s "greatest encouragers." After her father’s death, when she was nine and her brother still a baby, the family went to live with Grandfather Simpson in his big brick house on first avenue. After graduating from high school in 1944, Margaret attended United College (now the University of Winnipeg), and was an assistant editor of the college paper, Vox. She graduated from United College with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1946, and married John Fergus Laurence on September on September 13, 1947, in the Neepewa United Church. She then worked for a time as a reporter for the Winnipeg Citizen. In 1950, after living for a year in England, Margaret and her husband moved to British Somaliland. While there, she wrote a translation of Somali prose and poetry, "A Tree for Poetry." A travel book, "The Prophet’s Camel Bell," written some years later, describes the Laurences’ experience in Somaliland. They moved to Accra, Ghana in 1952, with their 2-month-old daughter Jocelyn. During their five years in Africa, Margaret produced her first novel, "This Side Jordan," which won the 1961 Beta Sigma Phi Award for the best first novel by a Canadian. A collection of short stories, "The Tomorrow Tamer," Written a few years later, is also set in West Africa. Out of her African years came an interest in contemporary literature by Africans, which resulted in her study of Nigerian fiction and drama, Long Drums and Cannons. The Laurences’ son, David, was born in Ghana in 1955. After having Africa, they moved to Vancouver for five years. During this time Margaret wrote "The Christmas as Birthday Story." They then moved to England for seven years. In the ten-year period, 1964-1974, the Manawaka books were published: "The Stone Angel" (1964), "A Jest of God" (1969), "The Fire Dweller’s" (1969), "A Bird in the House" (1970), and "The Diviner’s" (1974). Margaret Laurence :: essays research papers Jean Margaret (Peggy) Wemyss was born in Neepewa, Manitoba on July 18, 1926 to Robert Harrison Wemyss, a lawyer, and Verna Jean, nee Simpson. Margaret’s mother died when she was only four and her father later married her sister, Margaret Cambell Simpson, a teacher and later a librarian. She was throughout the years one of Margaret’s "greatest encouragers." After her father’s death, when she was nine and her brother still a baby, the family went to live with Grandfather Simpson in his big brick house on first avenue. After graduating from high school in 1944, Margaret attended United College (now the University of Winnipeg), and was an assistant editor of the college paper, Vox. She graduated from United College with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1946, and married John Fergus Laurence on September on September 13, 1947, in the Neepewa United Church. She then worked for a time as a reporter for the Winnipeg Citizen. In 1950, after living for a year in England, Margaret and her husband moved to British Somaliland. While there, she wrote a translation of Somali prose and poetry, "A Tree for Poetry." A travel book, "The Prophet’s Camel Bell," written some years later, describes the Laurences’ experience in Somaliland. They moved to Accra, Ghana in 1952, with their 2-month-old daughter Jocelyn. During their five years in Africa, Margaret produced her first novel, "This Side Jordan," which won the 1961 Beta Sigma Phi Award for the best first novel by a Canadian. A collection of short stories, "The Tomorrow Tamer," Written a few years later, is also set in West Africa. Out of her African years came an interest in contemporary literature by Africans, which resulted in her study of Nigerian fiction and drama, Long Drums and Cannons. The Laurences’ son, David, was born in Ghana in 1955. After having Africa, they moved to Vancouver for five years. During this time Margaret wrote "The Christmas as Birthday Story." They then moved to England for seven years. In the ten-year period, 1964-1974, the Manawaka books were published: "The Stone Angel" (1964), "A Jest of God" (1969), "The Fire Dweller’s" (1969), "A Bird in the House" (1970), and "The Diviner’s" (1974).

Rationale †how women are treated in soap operas Essay

I am going to be investigating into how women are treated in soap operas. The reason I have chosen to carry out this study is due to the fact that I think that women are given very stereotypical roles within soap operas and it is very hard for them to break out of those boundaries and those specific labels they have been given. The method I will take to reach my objective is to use the content analysis approach. This is a method I will adopt using Meehan’s research. My aim is to compare how much or how less has changed within that period of time. I hypothesise that in comparison to Meehan’s analysis of soap operas women are still labelled in the same categories. From this method I should be able to reach to a conclusion as to whether my hypothesis is correct. The method of research I am going to use is content analysis of magazines, TV and newspaper. Content analysis involves the very careful quantification of the content of the media messages. It is able to give a general impression about media content, which can be the basis of theoretical work or policy and programme development. Therefore the way I will carry out my research is by using Meehan’s study that was carried out in 1960s and 1970s on soap operas and how he categorised the women within the soaps into specific groups. I will carry out my research using a lot of primary resources. To investigate this concept I am going to look at the model, which is similar to the hypodermic syringe model. I am also going to use the feminist approach to try to explain some of the reasons as to why there are so many stereotypical views within soap operas towards women. I am going to be looking at Ferguson’s feminist cult theory. This highlights how there are many stereotypical views within the soap operas. Context She is seen in Meehan’s content analysis study of the presentation of women in soap operas shows that in American drama serials there are only 10 female character types that are presented, they are; The Imp, a rebellious tomboy character. She is adventurous, not really sexual, often finds herself in trouble, she is the opposite of what society expects a women to be and the trouble she gets into is often a result of this. The Goodwife, she is domestic, attractive, home-centred and content. She does not wish to become involved with the world outside the home, leaving this to her lovely husband. The Harpy, is an aggressive single woman. She is powerful, even overpowering and not afraid to take on or chase after men. The Bitch, is a sneak and a cheat. She is manipulative, dangerous and deceitful. She lacks the power to be a real villain (invariably male) but she causes real trouble for the forces of good. The Victim, is the passive female who suffers accident, disease or violence, depending in the type of show or it could be to domestic violence. The Decoy, she is a heroine disguised as a victim. Apparently helpless and dependent, she’s actually strong and resourceful. She is quite likely to be mistreated, hurt or captured, but she is capable of overcoming her difficulties. The Siren, is a woman who uses her sexuality to lure her victim to a sticky end. The Courtesan, is close to being a prostitute and perhaps has been one. The Witch, has extraordinary power despite this she is invariably dominated by a man and is persuaded often reluctantly to suppress her powers or use it for his aims. The Matriarch, prestige and authority. a positive light despite the fact that she is too old to be sexually attractive. Her status is almost of that of a hero. This study shows that women are portrayed as neater good or evil, never a combination. It also shows that â€Å"good† women are portrayed as submissive, sensitive and domesticated. â€Å"Bad† women are portrayed as rebellious, independent and selfish. Male evil characters are always counterbalanced by good ones, this is not so with female evil characters. The number of occupations which women are portrayed as holding is limited to a few, primarily housewife, receptionist and whore, male roles are also few in number compared to reality, but are more exciting, such as doctor, spies, detective and astronaut. While studies such as Meehan’s, could be criticised for being dated and referring to the series of the 1960’s and 70’s. The content recycling of such series on satellite and cable channels means that they are still relevant. Moreover, many of the point she makes are relevant even in more recent television. The number of women portrayed in the media depends very much on the medium concerned and the genre type. Soap operas have relatively high proportion of women, though they are still outnumbered by as much of 7 men to 3 women in some types of soap opera. In advertisements, there are three all male ads to every one all female ads. A study conducted by Beuf (1974) was based on 63 interviews with boys and girls between the ages of three and six. Some girls had abandoned their ambitions even by this early age. Several girls mentioned that their ambitions could not be realised because of their sex. The implication is that because of the small number of high-status female models in the media available for girls to model themselves on, the ambitions of real women are limited. The power of the media in this respect is thought to be very strong. This is not surprising as the Average American girl will have spent more time in front of the TV by the time she is 15 than she will have spent in the classroom. Beuf also argues that women suffer anxiety and stress due to this and because advertising and soap operas create concerns in women particularly about; their body image, the constant need to spend money on products to make them more attractive and desirable for males and also the competition with other women to fight and keep their man. Liberal feminists argue that individuals are trained by the mass media and other social institutions into patterns of behaviour which are performed unconsciously. Sex-roles in particular, have been built up over a long period of time and have become embedded in our culture. Radical feminists identify men as the enemy. They believe that men consciously and unconsciously manipulate social institutions for their own benefit and to the detriment of women. Men hold the dominant positions throughout the media and are able to use them to reflect the images of women which they desire. According to socialist feminists the role of the media is to sustain and perpetuate the capitalist system and the supporting role of women in it. Davies says that those who control the media are almost all rich men, there is every incentive for them to present the capitalist, patriarchal scheme of things as the most attractive system available and to convince the less privileged that the oppression and limitations of their lives are inevitable. According to Skirrow, for example video games are particularly unattractive to women, as they are part of a technology which is identified as male power, and they are about mastering a specifically male anxiety in a specific male way.

Toy Analyst

Toy Analyst Vasquez PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 1Zenaida VasquezProf. KortizkePsych 41 Sec. 1048September 17, 2014Lego ToyPlay is very important to a child's development because it is how they can see and explore their world. Through it, they can develop the skills that they need when they grow up. Also, with adequate play, the cardiovascular fitness is developed as well as the sense of morality (Goldstein, 2003).Lego is one of the most popular toys in the world. Some adults do not outgrow this toy mainly because it is very amusing that makes them collect the limited variants. Although the physical development of the child is minimal. Addressed by this toy it still has considerable contributions because their eyes, arms and hands are the main tools used in playing; their fine motor skills become developed. They also learn to stand up, climb and gain balance because they cannot be still when reaching for Lego pieces.baby while making his first stepsThe socio-emotional development of a child is also deve loped when they play Lego because the toy allows them to become socially active in a way that they start to communicate with other children. When they need assistance afterwards, when the figure they are trying to make is finished, they feel happy, and a sense of achievement becomes present. This in turn develops friendship because they may look forward playing with the same children because they felt happy doing the activity with them.The cognitive development of a child is the most addressed developmental stage by this toy. Playing blocks is beyond playing per se because the problem-solving and cause-effect relationship capacity of a child is observed to increase in this activity (Akgun, 2014). The reason is that, for a child to be able to build something from nothing entails utilization of common...

3 Hit Rammstein Songs Translated From German

3 Hit Rammstein Songs Translated From German Rammstein is a famous German band whose music is best described as dark, heavy rock. They are somewhat political and often take on social issues in their songs and that has led to controversy. Whatever your take on Rammsteins political views, the bands lyrics are also a lesson in German. If you are studying the language, you might find these lyrics and the English translations to three of their most popular songs helpful. An Introduction to Rammstein Rammstein was formed in 1993 by six men who grew up in East Germany  and were all born after the Berlin Wall went up. They took their name from the American Ramstein air base near Frankfurt (adding an extra m). The bands members are  Till Lindemann (b. 1964), Richard Z. Kruspe-Bernstein (b. 1967), Paul Lander (b. 1964), Oliver Riedel (b. 1971), Christoph Schneider (b. 1966), and Christian Flake Lorenz (b. 1966). Rammstein  is a unique German band in that it has managed to become popular in the English-speaking world by singing almost exclusively in German. Most other German artists or groups (think the Scorpions or Alphaville) have sung in English in order to reach the English-language market or they sing in German and remain virtually unknown in the Anglo-American world (think Herbert Grà ¶nemeyer). Yet, Rammstein has somehow turned their German lyrics into an advantage. It certainly can become an advantage for learning German. Rammenstein Albums Herzeleid  (1995)Sehnsucht  (1997)Live aus Berlin  (1998, also a  DVD)Mutter  (2001)Lichtspielhaus  (2003, DVD)Reise, Reise  (2004) The Controversy That Surrounds Rammstein Rammstein has also stirred up controversy on their road to fame.  One of the most famous incidents occurred in 1998. It involved their use of clips from the work of the Nazi  filmmaker  Leni Riefenstahl  in one of their music videos. The song, Stripped, was a cover of a  Depeche Mode song and the films used spurred protests against what some saw as a glorification of Nazism. Even before that well-publicized incident, their lyrics and images had given rise to the criticism that the band has neo-Nazi or far-right tendencies. With German lyrics that are often far from politically correct, their music was even linked to the Columbine, Colorado school shooting in 1999. Some British and American radio stations have refused to play Rammstein songs (even if they dont understand the German lyrics). There is no real evidence that any of Rammsteins six eastern German musicians themselves hold such right-wing beliefs. Yet, some people are either a little naive or in denial when they claim that Rammstein has done nothing to lead people to suspect the band of fascist leanings. The band itself has been a bit coy in their claims of why would anyone accuse us of such things? In light of some of their lyrics, they really should not pretend to be so innocent. The band members themselves have admitted they intentionally make their lyrics ambiguous and full of double entendre (Zweideutigkeit). However... we refuse to join those who totally reject artists for their supposed or actual political views. There are people who wont listen to Richard Wagner  operas because he was antisemitic (which he was). For me, the talent evident in Wagners music  rises above other considerations. Just because we condemn his antisemitism doesnt mean we cant appreciate his music. The same goes for Leni Riefenstahl. Her former Nazi connections are undeniable, but so is her cinematic and photographic talent. If we choose or reject music, cinema, or any art form only for political reasons, then we are missing the point of art. But if youre going to listen to Rammsteins lyrics and their meaning, dont be naive about it. Yes, you can learn German through their lyrics, simply be aware that those lyrics may have offensive overtones of a political, religious, sexual,  or social nature that people have a right to object to. Keep in mind that not everyone is comfortable with lyrics about sadistic sex or the use of the f-word - even if its in German. If Rammsteins lyrics make people think about issues from fascism to misogyny, then thats for the good. If listeners also learn some German in the process, so much the better. Amerika Lyrics Album: â€Å"Reise, Reise† (2004) Amerika is a perfect example of Rammsteins controversial style and it is also one of their best-known songs worldwide. The lyrics include both  German and English and it includes countless references about how America reigns over world culture and politics- for good or bad. As you can tell by the last verse (recorded in English, so no translation is needed), this song was not written with the intent of idolizing America. The music video is filled with clips of American influence throughout the world and the overall feel of the song is rather dark. German Lyrics Direct Translation by Hyde Flippo Refrain:*Were all living in America,America is wunderbar.Were all living in America,Amerika, Amerika.Were all living in America,Coca-Cola, Wonderbra,Were all living in America,Amerika, Amerika. Refrain:Were all living in America,America is wonderful.Were all living in America,America, America.Were all living in America,Coca-Cola, Wonderbra,Were all living in America,America, America. Wenn getanzt wird, will ich fhren,auch wenn ihr euch alleine dreht,lasst euch ein wenig kontrollieren,Ich zeige euch wies richtig geht.Wir bilden einen lieben Reigen,die Freiheit spielt auf allen Geigen,Musik kommt aus dem Weien Haus,Und vor Paris steht Mickey Maus. When Im dancing, I want to lead,even if you all are spinning alone,lets exercise a little control.Ill show you how its done right.We form a nice round (circle),freedom is playing on all the fiddles,music is coming out of the White House,and near Paris stands Mickey Mouse. Ich kenne Schritte, die sehr ntzen,und werde euch vor Fehltritt schtzen,und wer nicht tanzen will am Schluss,wei noch nicht, dass er tanzen muss!Wir bilden einen lieben Reigen,ich werde Euch die Richtung zeigen,nach Afrika kommt Santa Claus,und vor Paris steht Mickey Maus. I know steps that are very useful,and Ill protect you from missteps,and anyone who doesnt want to dance in the end,just doesnt know that he has to dance!We form a nice round (circle),Ill show you the right direction,to Africa goes Santa Claus,and near Paris stands Mickey Mouse. This is not a love song,this is not a love song.I dont sing my mother tongue,No, this is not a love song. * This refrain is used throughout the song, at times it is only the first four lines. In the last refrain, the sixth line is replaced with Coca-Cola, sometimes WAR,. Spieluhr (Music Box) Lyrics Album: Mutter (2001) The Hoppe hoppe Reiter phrase, repeated often in Spieluhr comes from a popular German nursery rhyme. The song tells the dark story about a child who pretends to be dead and is buried with a music box. It is the music box song that alerts people of the childs presence. German Lyrics Direct Translation by Hyde Flippo Ein kleiner Mensch stirbt nur zum Scheinwollte ganz alleine seindas kleine Herz stand still fr Stundenso hat man es fr tot befundenes wird verscharrt in nassem Sandmit einer Spieluhr in der Hand A small person just pretends to die(it) wanted to be completely alonethe small heart stood still for hoursso they declared it deadit is buried in wet sandwith a music box in its hand Der erste Schnee das Grab bedeckthat ganz sanft das Kind gewecktin einer kalten Winternachtist das kleine Herz erwacht The first snow that covered the gravewoke the child very gentlyin a cold winter nightthe small heart is awakened Als der Frost ins Kind geflogenhat es die Spieluhr aufgezogeneine Melodie im Windund aus der Erde singt das Kind As the frost flew into the childit wound up the music boxa melody in the windand the child sings from the ground Refrain:*Hoppe hoppe Reiterund kein Engel steigt herabmein Herz schlgt nicht mehr weiternur der Regen weint am Grabhoppe hoppe Reitereine Melodie im Windmein Herz schlgt nicht mehr weiterund aus der Erde singt das Kind Refrain:*Bumpety bump, riderand no angel climbs downmy heart does not beat any longeronly the rain cries at the graveBumpety bump, ridera melody in the windmy heart does not beat any longerand the child sings from the ground Der kalte Mond in voller Prachthrt die Schreie in der Nachtund kein Engel steigt herabnur der Regen weint am Grab The cold moon, in full magnificencehears the cries in the nightand no angel climbs downonly the rain cries at the grave Zwischen harten Eichendielenwird es mit der Spieluhr spieleneine Melodie im Windund aus der Erde singt das Kind Between hard oak boardsit will play with the music boxa melody in the windand the child sings from the ground Hoppe hoppe Reitermein Herz schlgt nicht mehr weiterAm Totensonntag hrten sieaus Gottes Acker diese Melodieda haben sie es ausgebettetdas kleine Herz im Kind gerettet Bumpety bump, ridermy heart does not beat any longerOn Totensonntag** they heard thismelody from Gods field [i.e., a cemetery]then they unearthed itthey saved the small heart in the child * The refrain is repeated after the next two verses and again at the end of the song. *  *Totensonntag  (Dead Sunday) is a Sunday in November when German Protestants remember the dead. Du Hast (You Have) Lyrics Album: Senhsucht (1997) This Rammstein song plays on the similarities of the conjugated forms of the verbs  haben  (to have) and  hassen  (to hate). It is a good study for anyone learning the German  language. German Lyrics Direct Translation by Hyde Flippo Dudu hast (hat)*du hast mich(4 x)du hast mich gefragtdu hast mich gefragtdu hast mich gefragt,und ich hab nichts gesagt Youyou have (hate)you have (hate) me*(4 x)you have asked meyou have asked meyou have asked meand I have said nothing Repeats twice:Willst du bis der Tod euch scheidettreu ihr sein fr alle TageNein, nein Repeats twice:Do you want, until death do you part,to be faithful to her for all your daysNo, no Willst du bis zum Tod der Scheide,sie lieben auch in schlechten TagenNein, nein Do you want until the death of the vagina,to love her, even in bad timesNo, no * This is a play on two German verbs:  du hast  (you have) and  du haßt  (you hate), spelled differently but pronounced the same way. The German  lyrics are provided for educational use only. No infringement of copyright is implied or intended. The literal, prose translations of the  original German  lyrics by Hyde Flippo.

College Athletes Should be Paid to Play Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

College Athletes Should be Paid to Play - Essay Example Some argue that athletes are paid by virtue of their scholarship and that is sufficient reimbursement for their services. Putting aside for the moment that athletes that participate in the more popular sports earn millions of dollars for the university and that other students reap these benefits as well, athletes are denied the same lack of restrictions to earn while they learn and as a result should be somewhat compensated. The NCAA alone makes hundreds of millions of dollars every year from the men’s March basketball tournament. The bowl games that follow the regular football season supply the conferences with revenues of many million each winter. Now add up ticket and concession proceeds, corporate sponsorships and money gained from merchandise sales that without the presence of sports would not be funneled into a university annually. The athletes know that they generate literally many billions of dollars for their schools, yet are not allowed to earn even pocket change whi le at school, giving their all for ‘ole State U. Athletes are allowed only the most meager of an existence under NCAA regulations. Meanwhile, they witness other students with money enough at least for an occasional date and their coach earning a multi-million dollar salary but know that they are the ones that make the greatest sacrifices. The NCAA reports that of the 1000 schools in its membership, only 40 earn a profit each year, all of which are Division I-A institutions and have either a successful football or basketball program. Though revenues continue to rise for these select schools; the remaining schools are suffering growing deficits. In most cases, schools utilize money gained from its more successful and thus profitable sports programs to fund the other sports activities at the school such as the bulk of women’s athletic programs. The vast majority of schools could not afford to pay for programs that did not pay for themselves if not for the athletes that put ‘butts in seats.’ These athletes are producing enormous revenues that not only pay for other sports programs but pump money into the general scholarship fund. Athletes should be compensated at least minimally but not just athletes that are involved in revenue producing sports. All college athletes should receive a modest salary because all of them allocate so much of their time to their particular sport. Even the non-profitable sports programs provide publicity to the institutions in amounts impossible to quantify. â€Å"There are also student-athletes who have to leave school early because they do not have enough money to continue, or to pay their bills and leaving school for a career in professional sports is an easy way of making money.   The argument is that if student-athletes get paid, they will remain in school and complete their education† (Meshefejian, 2005). When a student-athlete or their family is experiencing financial problems as is the case in m any situations, the pressure to quit school and pursue a professional career is immense. What would motivate an athlete in this predicament to stay and finish school if they were offered even a minor league contract or a backup role at the major league level? Many examples exist where athletes opt to turn professional, then are out of a job within a year or two and cannot return to school because they can no longer be offered a scholarship. If they could have justified, financially speaking, staying in school, many may have graduated and whether or not they succeeded at the professional level, they would have had a diploma and therefore a solid career and a

Revised proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Revised proposal - Essay Example For that reason, an ecosystem method that incorporates both processes of bivalve aquaculture and carbon dioxide recycling is desirable to give an accurate assessment of the functions of bivalve mariculture in the carbon dioxide. In relation to the most current estimations, the present worlds populace of approximately 7.5 billion is expected to reach 10 billion by the year 2055. Limitations on the accessibility of fresh water and flora and fauna to successfully give food to the approximated increase in population can be conquered by strengthening the involvement of the ocean to the manufacture of food. Successful involvement and contribution of the oceans can be achieved in a number of ways, key among them the rehabilitation of undomesticated fisheries and regulating the worlds fishing practices to maintainable levels. Additionally, successful oceanic involvement is achievable through cultivating the ocean at the same time preserving atmospheric health and continuance. The requirement for alternative feeds to develop cultivated species is one of the principal impediments to the growth and expansion of aquaculture. It is also a major impeding factor to the sustainability and improvement of aquaculture. Nevertheless, a third of the global cultivated seafood obtained from aqua animals in the year 2010 was obtained devoid of the utilization of feed, by use of animal production techniques from the second trophic echelons. There were over 14 million tons of bivalves, which represented a 23.5% of the global aquaculture production. Specifically, over 89% of the worlds marine bivalve production originated from aquaculture in the year 2012 (FAO, 2012, cited in Filguera et al., 2015). Consequently, the argument concerning the incorporation of cultured bivalve shells into the system of carbon trade should be contextualized within the ecosystem of goods and services framework. Individuals nurture

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European Union Law - Essay Example Negligence need not be proved. Any damages so awarded should include an element for pain and suffering and also for loss of wages past, present and future. The Act excludes liability for loss of wages. It also imposes the burden of proof on the victim to prove his/her case. Both the Directive and the Act were intended to replace the existing national laws of negligence in relation to the Product. In May 2004, Byrd was prescribed a mild sedative by his doctor as he was suffering from work-related stress. The Product was manufactured by Omnia Pharma PLC (â€Å"Omnia†) a company registered in England. Two weeks after starting the treatment, Byrd developed a skin complaint, suppurating psoriasis, which was painful and also unpleasant to look at. As a result, he became a recluse and was dismissed for persistent absence by his employers. Thereafter, he attempted to commit suicide but was discovered in time. He is still very disturbed mentally. The starting point is to consider what directives are, how they are implemented and what the overall effect of directives is. In order to deal with the above it is necessary to examine the law regarding the binding nature of Directives. It is also necessary to examine the implementation of the Directive and discuss whether there has been any breach by the company. If a breach is established it will then be possible to assess what losses the company will be liable for in respect of the claim by Byrd. A discussion on direct and indirect effect is also essential in order to establish whether Byrd can claim under either of these headings. In order to be able to assess whether Francovich damages would be the most effective claim against the UK there needs to be a discussion on what Francovich damages are and when these can be claimed. To be able to decide whether a directive is binding it is necessary to understand what a directive is. A directive has been

Personal Space Essay Example for Free

Personal Space Essay I. Introduction An individuals self- concept is the core of his personality. One’s perception affects every aspect of human behavior: the person’s ability to learn, the capacity to grow and change. For every act an individual makes, he or she manifests what character he or she has. One certain person displays his own image through the conveyance of his behavior towards another. It is a mutual process wherein the receiver responds and takes action to the approach of the sender. Our thinking and behavior during interaction are always in anticipation of a response. This certain behavior that we use in order to attain interaction can be a positive or a negative one. At times, it can act as a defense and a way of concealing motives and thoughts. Human behavior is observed in the branch of Psychology to gain more knowledge that would contribute to an understanding of a certain culture based on the manipulation of the stimulus-response that would change human behavior despite of the underlying debate that behavior is hereditary or nurtured by the environment. It is also a range of behaviors displayed by humans influenced by several factors such as culture, attitude, emotions, values and ethics. The behavior of a human being depends on the potential and capacity of his or her physical, mental, emotional, and social activity during the phases of human life (Hickson III, M. Stacks, D., `1985). Living with the different factors that would generate the expression of manners of an individual, it basically acts as the foundation of molding the actual character of a certain person. In accordance to how people express their mental outlook, they respond and reciprocate towards the exposure of signals of the opposite sex, the perception to invasion of own psychological personal space, and the characteristics and levels of intimacy shared by both parties. Personal space is known to be the area surrounding a person which they consider as theirs (McConnell, J., 1985). It is their concealed spot wherein other people cannot penetrate and violate easily. Being able to value their personal space, they are able to set limits and certain zones on the ones they are interacting to (Eyserick, H. Eyserick, M., 1983). Human beings naturally bounce back to the encroachment of their personal space as Freudian would say. But once a person’s personal space has been penetrated by an outsider that understands the levels of comfort as of that of the receiver of message, there would be a certain allure of intimate bond between the two. Though intimacy has yet to be delved into to have the preciseness of its boundaries and levels as to observe the certain characteristics wherein spectators are able to classify their position when interacting with the person to whom they have invaded the private space. At par with the receiver of this invasion of space, he or she would be able to discuss and critically analyze the response to the means of how their own space has been occupied without having to suddenly jump into conclusion the actions being presented to them by the opposing party. Furthermore, through an interview, this paper will be the guided accordingly by the words of experts of the daily examples of private and intimate situations that would help foreshadow into reading the verbal and non-verbal signals each respondent would reciprocate in case to case basis. And to gauge whether or not this would be a case of violation or permitting one’s self to break down walls for others to penetrate into their personal space. The aim of this paper is to define, relate and categorize the development of a person’s perspective on privacy and intimacy when interacting to the same and/or the opposite sex. It would like to explore into the dynamics by which personal space would be determined by an internal or external influence upon it, and its connection to intimate situations. This is to widen the perspective of teenagers within the researcher’s age group when dealing with their social groups and be aware of the tell tale signs of positive and negative intrusion of privacy and display of intimacy towards others. II. Body Personal space â€Å"for me is the amount of space that you define for yourself by which you form of a barrier† (R. Tejeros, personal communication, February 13, 2012). This barrier of a person’s personal space is where an individual secludes himself or herself from external factors that may contribute to his or her reluctance to share the privacy that encloses a formed character (Gunsch, 2003). A character that has been influenced throughout its formation by numerous social groups that made this very individual self cautious to letting in strangers and known personalities alike to a realm that can make or break his or her disposition. Group dynamics is a study on personal and social space. These are standardized space perimeters wherein social clusters are able to reconcile the differentiation of personal space and its violation; also where social agents around us become an intimate, social, factor to everyday interaction. Though space may be standardized by norms, the interviewee has presented a notion that personal space is still very relative on most aspects. An individual defines it for him/herself and regardless of the standardization, and this is all based on the person’s ability to consent to the external factors or decline its persistence to enter the boundary line of this person’s space (R. Tejeros, personal communication, February 13, 2012). Furthermore, each person carries an invisible bubble around their bodies wherein the size depends on different factors such as personality, status and culture. This bubble is known to be considered as a person’s own personal, psychological space (McConnell, J., 1985). It is an approximate area surrounding an individual which should not be trespassed by an unsuspecting spectator for it creates an unsteady social relationship that when pierced by others becomes a violation of personal space. This private space, which role is to keep violation down, comes with the diversity of cultures who establish and upright barriers when interacting with other people. Raising these indomitable barriers are sort of their safety zones wherein people are unlikely to attack one another (Eyserick, H. Eyserick, M., 1983). With regards to the sex differences of personal space, the opposite sex would define personal space as a challenge. This would highly depend on the availability of the person’s willingness to interact to the opposite sex. Most especially in cases where in the male would pursue a female to interact with, if personal space would be regarded as barrier as said above, this would complicate the premises by which the sender of the message would like to address their message. For most cases, an aggression to entering the opposite sex’s personal space would be seen as a threat. A scenario that deals with a same sex penetration of personal space however would be put lightly as how Sir Tejeros (personal communication, February 13, 2012) said in his interview as â€Å"there should be a level of friendship or relationship first before you can get comfortable with a person within the same sex. And if you are in that level, the personal space is not a problem.† Based on this statement, the sexual orientation may be a high contributor to how other individuals would interact but regardless, a certain individual would still deal with others though with the factor that there should be a consequent relationship that should be established and the ability for both parties to gauge the comfort that they share to each other. Apart from the relationship that have been formed prior to create a state of sharing one’s personal space and privacy with each other, there are other factors that has been provided such as definition of the person’s character, personality, cultural background, race/color, age, gender and current status/authority (Berba R. Tejeros, personal communication, February 13, 2012). These factors contribute to both an easy relationship and appearance within the perimeters of the individual’s personal space though these may also be grounds for stereotyping and biases that may cause for an individual to also reluctantly open up to others. It was also stated through the course of interview that with the cultural setup here in the Philippines, these factors would be somewhat different from the ones where racial discrimination is rampant in western countries as well as first world countries. There may be discrimination but in the cultural setup in the Philippines, the social conflicts are quite subtle and are more distinctly seen if verbally exposed. Either way, these factors are not to be of constant basis for personal space is a subjective matter. Entering somebody’s personal space is an indication of familiarity and sometimes, intimacy. The receiver of the message creates a line that would not or should not be crossed by the sender in an actual confrontation to be able to have a decent and comfortable conversation. When this boundary is transpired, it causes uneasiness between the two people interacting. It is by human reflex that people react to certain responses. Reacting defensively when personal space is invaded is one way of assessing its significance to that certain individual. This reaction of the person aggressed varies according to how his or her space is invaded and whoever violated it. Whenever a person feels threatened by an outside force to enter his or her personal space, he or she will have a tendency to dislike the invader as a reaction and dismiss all opportunities (Lindgren, H.C. Byrne, D., 1971). Erikson’s theory of development states that intimacy would be attained through forming closely knit relationships which is basic to the growth of social interaction of early adulthood. (Davis, D. Clifton, A., 1995) Intimacy is known to be a token of familiarity and affection, a close relation or association with deep knowledge of a certain person, place or period of history. Most of the times, Intimacy is considered to be the act of being affectionate of the people involved in a certain relationship and convey their thoughts and emotions by means of physical contact. This way of expressing intimacy to the other party is most likely to be applicable for those people who are considered touchers and are more comfortable in using the non-verbal communication while interacting. Aside from expressing feelings and motives through physical contact, there are other factors that contribute to the building up of close relationship of the people involved. Being intimate can also be observed when people involved in a relationship are attached in a way that they spend most of their times with each other, shares common similarities and interests, can communicate easily and has a personal connection that other people wouldn’t easily comprehend unless informed. Being intimate with another party depends on the built relationship of the people involved. It varies according to what and how intimacy is being expressed whether emotional, spiritual, intellectual or sexual (Berba, personal communication, February 16, 2012). There is a favored level of interpersonal intimacy, discrepancies from this stage and where it can possibly remunerate between the two people interacting. (Eyserick H., Eyserick M., 1983) As we all move through in getting to know someone deeper, we develop intimacy with them which is one of the factors that makes the relationship more profound. Building up a closer connection with that someone, certain levels of intimacy are exposed. For starters, people begin to see and judge if it is safe to connect with that individual in the stage of safe communication. In this phase, there are no feelings, personal vulnerability and opinions involved. This is the kind of interaction we have with people we don’t know that well and shares minimal intimacy. In level two, which is where we start sharing other people’s thoughts, beliefs and opinions, we are beginning to reveal more of ourselves and already build have a small foundation. In this stage, disagreements of opinions shared reveal inflexibility and intolerance already and becomes the basis whether they are to continue to the next stage or not. Continuing to the next phase, we start taking small risks and begin to share our own thoughts, opinions, and beliefs. If we begin to feel vulnerable, we can change our minds and switch opinions to avoid conflicts. In the next level, we now start revealing our feelings and personal experiences; our own joys and pains, our achievements and failures and some of our likes and dislikes. This stage is more vulnerable than the earlier ones because in here, us being unable to change how we feel about something, we can now accept and receive judgments. The next phase of intimacy will be the highest level; our needs, emotions and desires are being emphasized. This is the stage where we are known at the deepest core of our character and requires a great amount of trust in order to maintain the relationship built by the people i nvolved. (Wilson, 2011) Entering a social relationship, verbal and non-verbal communications are expected. Verbal communication is the communication that uses words, either written or spoken. It also refers to the use of sounds and language to relay a message. It serves as a vehicle for expressing desires, ideas, and concepts and is vital to the process of learning and teaching. This verbal communication varies according to the personality and mental outlook of a certain person. Non-verbal communication, on the other hand, is usually understood as the process of communication by means of sending and receiving messages which are not in the form of words. It is a natural, unconscious language that broadcasts the emotions and intentions of a certain individual by means of gestures, facial expressions and body language (Hickson III, M. Stacks, D., 1985). These non-verbal signals are separated into two kinds: the touchers and non-touchers. People who are considered touchers are usually the individuals who are not good in expressing themselves in words and prefer to convey their messages through the use of physical contact. Non-touchers on the other hand are the ones who articulate their messages through non-verbal signals but do not require the use of physical contact; they express their messages using body language such as facial expressions (Eyserick, H. Eyserick, M., 1983). Through the interview conducted, Psychology professors, Ms. Berba and Sir Tejeros (personal communication, 2012), have exclaimed that in their field of study, they are more aware to theses identifiers that both trigger violation of personal space and cues on intimacy. They have provided examples that both can be observable from day to day cases and widely applicable to the target market of this paper. Examples of signals that trigger violation of personal space would be sitting very close to another person or the positioning of body parts that obstruct the balance of the space that the individual and the other people share in a pubic place. A particular example that is observable within the male domination would be the violation of space inside the comfort rooms. Based on the narration of Sir Tejeros, he stated that â€Å"There’s this unspoken rule, which you might find interesting. In male comfort rooms, when there is someone occupying a certain urinal, you do not go directly to the ones beside it. So kunwari there are 3 urinals. There is someone doing his business here. And then there’s 2 and 3, you do not go here beside him. You jump one urinal because that’s the person’s personal space. Seriously, that happens all the time. If you were a guy you would have noticed that. If someone would go near that, the other guy doing his business would look angry or hostile towards the other person. Kasi personal space niya yun, eh. Kasi like when you do your business in a comfort room, it’s something intimate and personal to you. So when someone goes way to near your area, â€Å"K† parang ganun.† Another violation of personal space that Ms. Berba stated is the sudden outburst of emotion through verbal and non-verbal communication. That when a particular individual is very angry and frustrated, they are not aware and conscious of their actions because of the aggression and adrenaline that courses through their being thus having an impulsive instinct to enter the personal space of their offender and violating their personal space. Though there may be positive violations of personal space as well, and the emotion that stirs up this violation would be of surprise. And example would be when a bearer of good news delivers the message and the receiver becomes intimately grateful to the bearer and crosses the line of the sender’s personal space. This would still be a violation of personal space because the receiver was not able to respect the personal space of the bearer however this is another response that was done instinctively because of positive feedback to the message re layed. III. Conclusion The interrelation between privacy and intimacy is the link of relationship that people have between each other. It is through a bond that they have, that they allow walls of privacy to be brought down and there is permission to be intimate with the other being. There are several factors that would contribute to this such as personality, cultural background, age, gender and status. Though these may contribute to a healthy interaction, these factors may also be causes for violation of personal space. The differentiation between people whose social groups mingle with each other may produce friction if not properly addressed by the social norms that surround them. It is best that personal space of an individual is respected before advancing to a more relaxed state. However, personal space does not necessarily go hand in hand with intimacy and vice versa. It does contribute to one another as we have theorized beforehand, though we have been disproven that if personal space is not violated, this may be called intimate. Through research work and interviews conducted, we have distinguished personal space as a person’s personal, psychological space. (McConnell, J., 1985) meanwhile intimacy is a token of familiarity and affection. Both are subject to change and have signals that would identify if an individual’s personal space is violated or a person is being intimate with another. To further elaborate on the levels of intimacy that would distinguish the state of relationship wherein two individuals are involved, these levels contribute to how someone who is in the process of determining his or her position in the relationship and be able to pacify his or her intentions as to not cross the boundaries of the social norms. Apart from the levels, there are kinds of intimacy which are spiritual, emotional, intellectual, and sexual that would be the basis for a good foundation of a relationship. Signals that trigger intimacy and violation of personal space would be verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal signals are on prose and non-prose means. On the other hand, non-verbal communication has touchers and non-touchers. They indicate stimuli-response contact and verify whether the process of communication is socially acceptable. These may not be necessary for all intimate partners though are highly observable throughout the society. Equipped with credible sources, this paper has given an array of responses that is useful for daily relations most especially for the target audience who are teenage adolescents who are undergoing inter and intra personal development. Expression of the mental and emotional outlook would be beneficial to build up the decision-making skills of a person. It also promotes awareness to the different kinds of scenarios that they would be dealing with in the future.